Ancient Egypt And The Egyptian Society - 967 Words

Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was a captivating and intricate civilization. Over the years, historians have found it easier to study this civilization, rather than other historical civilizations, because the Egyptians went through great lengths to record their history. Besides being decent record keepers, they were very religious, and â€Å"ahead of their time,† due to their technological and economic breakthroughs. Because of the aspects of this culture, it has to be one of the greatest civilizations of the world. Egyptian Society In the Egyptian society women had the same rights, both legal and economic, as the men in their society. They could both work the same job and earn the same regardless of sex. Each member of the relationship maintained and respected the ownership of what was brought into the marriage. It is not known why these rights existed for women, especially during this time period. Women could even become pharaoh. Nowhere else in the ancient world did something like this exist. The women bore and raised the children. They were basically responsible for all of the more usual or domestic related relationships, while the men taught their growing boys about the world and their own trade. Men in ancient Egypt were often expected to form a life for themselves before going out to find a wife. The males would rarely be able to choose their own careers. It was more common for the men to receive the job their father had when they reached working age. The Egyptian society wasShow MoreRelatedAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Society2262 Words   |  10 PagesThe Ancient Egyptians are a well-known civilization. The country of Egypt is located along the Nile River Valley in the Northern part of Africa (Civilization: Ancient Egypt). From 3100 B.C. to 332 B.C., this ancient civilization was dominant in the Mediterranean world (History.com, 2009). Whether a person learned about the Egyptians in their Bible or read about them in their history class, there is no doubt that these people were the great nation of their time. â€Å"The people of ancient Egypt valuedRead MoreAncient Egypt and Mondern Society981 Words   |  4 Pageslives was that of Ancient Egypt. Their systems of religion and technological innovation helped not only to leave a permanent impression on the world, but also served to mold both the civilizations that directly followed it as well as society today. The Ancient Egyptian civilization spanned several thousand years and is one of the few societies of the time that came into being independently. â€Å"Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 B.C. with the unification of upper and lower Egypt under the firstRead MoreThe Geography Of Ancient Egypt1510 Words   |  7 Pages Ancient Egypt was one of the most powerful and innovative civilizations. As one of the six civilizations to arise independently, Egypt eventually became one of the most influential nations that lasted over three thousand years, from 3000 B.C to around 30 B.C Egypt boasted of strong leaders, a rich culture, a hierarchical society, and the source of much of it’s wealth, the Nile. The Nile provided the Egyptians with necessities like food, water, transportation, building supplies, and more. Using theRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Era1123 Words   |  5 PagesAncient Egypt was a civilisation in North-eastern Africa. It is among the oldest civi lisations on Earth, thriving as an independent nation from 8,000 BCE to 525 BCE. Ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilisation in the Mediterranean world, being the most culturally advanced nation in every area of human knowledge. From technology to religion– the ancient Egyptian era was the most influential era, especially to the Ancient Greeks. Egypt’s majesty has long astounded archaeologists, particularly thatRead MoreAncient Egypt And Ancient Egyptian Era1303 Words   |  6 PagesEgypt is a country in North Africa and is among the oldest civilisations on Earth, thriving as an independent nation from 8,000 BCE to 525 BCE. Ancient Egypt was the preeminent civilisation in the Mediterranean world, being the most culturally advanced nation in every area of human knowledge. From science to technology to the arts and religion – the ancient Egyptian era was the most influential era, especially to the Ancient Greeks and Romans. Egypt’s majesty has long astou nded archaeologists, particularlyRead MoreHow Ancient Egyptian Culture Affect Modern Day Society Essay854 Words   |  4 Pages2017 How Does Ancient Egyptian Culture Affect Modern Day Society’s? Ancient Egypt was the first civilization to make use of the sciences, including math and medical uses. Clocks, sports, a twelve month calendar, farming, building are also believed to originate in Ancient Egypt. All of these influences our everyday lives. The Egyptians created a decimal system that used seven different symbols. Mathematical text can be traced back to around 2000 – 1800 BC. By then the Egyptians had a grasp ofRead MoreSimilarities Between Egyptian And Mesoamerican Societies Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many societies from ancient time to present time that have similarities and differences from one another. Amongst the many societies in the world, are Egyptian and Mesoamerican societies. There are many similarities as well as differences among Egyptian and Mesoamerican societies. Egyptian and Mesoamerican societies have many similarities to begin, both societies were complex civilizations. Both Egyptian societies and Mesoamerican societies developed their own cultures and religious beliefsRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Pyramids : The Seven Wonders Of The World1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe Egyptian Pyramids The seven wonders of the world: the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and of course, the Great Pyramids of Giza. (telegraph.co.uk) The Great Pyramids of Giza, built between 2584 and 2561 B.C, are located twelve miles from the capital of egypt, Cairo. (ancient.eu) They were the tallest man made structures in the world for 3800 yearsRead MoreUnderstanding The New Kingdom Of Egypt1723 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the New Kingdom of Egypt Perhaps no other culture has intrigued the human imagination as that of ancient Egypt. From the Ancient Greeks, who treated Egypt with venerable respect, to Alexander the Great, and Napoleon, who felt it was imperative to go there, few other cultures have represented so much of universal value to all humans. The purpose of this paper is to present a brief survey of the ancient New Kingdom of Egypt. An emphasis on scholarly views will focus on culture, agricultureRead MoreEssay about Religion in Ancient China and Egypt1569 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Dixon 1 Daniel Dixon Dr. Campbell History 114 3/20/14 Religion in Ancient China and Egypt Religion has played a very important role in society and the history of mankind for over thousands of years. Originally created by ancient peoples as a way to explain the unknown, religion has greatly evolved and spread across the globe. As new religions have formed and spread, the diversity and similarities between these new religions have also increased, especially due to their geographic locations

The Importance Of An Undergraduate Business Management...

In the ever-changing business world, a key component to the productivity within the workplace is communication. As an undergraduate business management student, an important part of communication is understanding the difference between maintaining the faà §ade of an authoritative figure or maintaining a friendly relationship with employees and how it would affect the attitudes, behaviors, productivity and quality of work. In order create a successful workplace environment, finding and establishing a middle ground between being an authoritative figure and having a friendly relationship. To successfully reach the goal of being both partially authoritative and partially friendly and caring, all forms of communication should be understood to†¦show more content†¦Communication can be classified as formal or informal, internal or external as well. Informal and formal communication are very common forms of communication within the business workplace and can also play a role in th e daily lives of people. Informal communication is generally used in daily life because it can be defined as a less serious way of communicating such as texting, socializing with peers, or a simple verbal conversation. On the other hand, formal communication is more common in a workplace environment than informal communication would be. Formal communication is more common because communication between colleagues and managers is meant to be held on a certain level of respect and formality and be focused on the task at hand. Verbal and nonverbal are also forms of communications that exist within the workplace as well. Nonverbal is a form of communication that can be translated and observed based on body language. This can be a difficult thing to manage and control in the workplace because anything like a handshake that is not firm and eye contact that is not direct when you are having a conversation with someone can be interpreted in many ways and some have the possibility as being seen as offensive. For example, Nonverbal communication can be anything that ranges from facial

Career Study Dental Assistant Free Essays

Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARYiv Introduction1 Facts and Findings2 Occupational Inventory2 Work environment2 Perks. 3 Market trends. 3 Personality Fit4 Stress level/mental strains. We will write a custom essay sample on Career Study: Dental Assistant or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4 Personality traits recommended/required. 4 Personal interests and passions. 5 Future Potential5 Continuing education requirements. 5 Advancement Opportunities. 5 Conclusion6 References7 List of Figures Figure 1 Gender of Dental Assistants3 Figure 2 Current Wages Earned for Dental Assistants3 Figure 3 Estimated Yearly Growth of Dental Assistant Jobs in Alberta4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The career area of dental assistant does, in many ways, relate directly to the skills and knowledge learnt in the Administrative Office Professional program (APRO). Skills such as computer knowledge, bookkeeping, customer service, human relations, reading and writing, verbal communication, and active listening are an essential part of being a dental assistant. APRO students already obtain these skills. This report shows how becoming a dental assistant is a great career choice for APRO students. With only an additional eight to ten months of training, an APRO student could become a ental assistant and earn a great wage, as well as acquire many sought after job perks. Job perks of a dental assistant include Monday to Friday daytime hours, free dental care, monthly or yearly bonuses, and medical benefits. Dental assistants primarily work in dental offices; however, there are jobs available in health care units and hospitals as well. The research that was conducted for this report consis ts of both primary and secondary sources. The primary research sources include an interview of a local dental assistant, as well as the researcher’s own experience and knowledge. Secondary sources of research include Google searches, ALIS website, STATS Canada, and APRO text books. The three main aspects covered in this report are as follows: 1) Occupational Inventory a. Work environment b. Perks c. Market trends 2) Personality Fit d. Stress level/mental strains e. Personality traits recommended/required 3) Future Potential f. Continuing education requirements g. Advancement opportunities Potential Career Choice: Dental Assistant Introduction Weekends off, daytime hours, decent wages, free dental care, medical benefits, and yearly bonuses! These, in many cases, are the perks that career seekers are looking for. Look no further. These, among others, are the perks the career of dental assistant has to offer. One might think that dental assisting has nothing to do with the tasks or skills learnt in the Administrative Office Professional program (APRO); however, there are many duties involved in dental assisting that relate directly to APRO knowledge. Skills such as computer knowledge, bookkeeping, customer service, human relations, reading and writing, verbal communication, and active listening are essential in a dental assisting career. As an APRO student, one obtains those skills. However, an APRO student would need to further their education. A dental assistant training program is needed to pursue a career in dental assisting. This training program would typically only be an additional eight to ten months over and above the APRO program. The APRO program is a good foundation as it gives students many of the basic skills needed to be successful in any program or career area. The dental assistant program differs by educational institution, but for the most part, prerequisites include a 30-level of English (which all APRO students already have), biology, and chemistry. Dental assisting is a very diverse career. One never knows what sort of situation or emergency may arise. For example, an appointment may be as simple as a routine check-up or a filling, and may be as complicated as a tooth breaking off at the gum line during an extraction which can lead to dental surgery. Duties of dental assistants are as diverse as the job itself. Duties will change from office to office, and day to day, but will include tasks such as: * Prepare patient, sterilize and disinfect instruments, set up instrument trays, prepare materials, and assist dentist during dental procedures * Take and prepare dental diagnostic x-rays Record treatment information in patient records * Take and record medical and dental histories and vital signs of patient * Provide postoperative instructions prescribed by dentist * Assist dentist in management of medical and dental emergencies * Instruct patients in oral hygiene and plaque control programs * Apply protective coating of fluoride to teeth * Schedule appointments, prepare bi lls, and receive payment for dental services, complete insurance forms, and maintain records using computer or manually Because dental assisting does entail working in someone’s mouth, it may not be appealing to everyone. However, dental assistants are a vital part of the heath care profession. Most people have, at some point in time, experienced the excruciating pain of a tooth ache. Without dentists and dental assistants, one would have to suffer through the pain, or extract the tooth one’s self. One might choose dental assisting as a career if one enjoys working in an office environment, prefer daytime hours, and the medical field is of interest to them. There are many perks associated with being a dental assistant such as wages and bonuses. Dentistry is a rapidly growing field, therefore leaving many new jobs available both now and in the future. One who enjoys helping others, and wants to make a difference in the lives of many, would be satisfied in the career of dental assisting. Dental assisting is a relatively low stress-level job. Because life-long learning is a required part of being a dental assistant, one must have a love of education and be committed to life-long learning. This report will look at the occupational inventory of dental assisting, including work environment, job perks, and market trends. It will also look at the personality fit for one interested in seeking a career in this area. The personality fit will include such information as the stress level of the job, personality traits required/recommended, and potential interests and passions one might have. Finally, this report will look at the future potential of this career choice for APRO students. The future potential will share information such as continuing education requirements and advancement opportunities. The facts and findings in this report are based on both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources include an interview with a dental assistant. I chose to interview a local dental assistant who works at Dr. Lo’s office here in Brooks, Alberta. The researcher will also be using her own experience and knowledge as primary research. The secondary research consists of Google searches, ALIS website, STATS Canada, and APRO textbooks. Facts and Findings Occupational Inventory Occupational inventory is an especially important aspect of a career because it looks at things such as work environment, career perks, and market trends. These specifics can help one decide if a certain career, in this case dental assisting, is right for them. Work environment. Dental assistants have a variety of different working environments to choose from. Dental assistants work as part of a dental health care team. Their duties can vary and can include working as chair-side assistants, intra-oral assistants, administrative assistants, community health assistants, sterilization assistants, research assistants, or treatment coordinators. Dental assistants can also work in dental sales and insurance or dental education. However, dental offices are the primary employer of dental assistants, with 97% of dental assistants working in dental offices. Typical hours of dental offices are Monday to Friday, 8 a. m. to 5 p. m. Some offices, however, are open during the evenings and weekends to accommodate a larger portion of the population. As shown in Figure 1, according to STATS Canada 2011, 99% of dental assistants are women. In larger offices, one can expect to work alongside many women. In smaller offices, on the other hand, one can expect to work closely with the dentist and a few other staff. Figure 1 Gender of Dental Assistants Perks. There are several perks in the career of dental assistant. These perks may include good wages, good hours, free dental care for one’s family, yearly or monthly bonuses, and paid continuing education. As shown in Figure 2, according to the 2011 Alberta Wage and Salary Survey, Albertans in the Dental Assistants’ occupational group earned between $15. 00 and $34. 00 per hour (2011 Alberta Wage and Salary Survay, 2011). Therefore, the average wage of dental assistants in Alberta is around $26. 40 an hour. As stated previously, most dental office hours are Monday to Friday, with daytime hours. In many cases, dental offices provide their staff with free dental care for both the employee and the employee’s family. Many offices offer incentives in the form of either monthly or yearly bonuses. If the office is busy and makes over a certain amount of money in a month or year, a percentage of the excess money will be awarded to staff according to seniority and hours worked. Because dental assistants are required to keep up-to-date with their education and skills, most dental offices pay for continuing education. Figure 2 Current Wages Earned for Dental Assistants Current Wages Earned for Dental Assistants| Wages| Low (5th percentile)| High (95th percentile)| Average| Median| Starting| $15. 00| $27. 00| $21. 82| $23. 00| Overall| $21. 00| $32. 57| $26. 40| $27. 00| Top| $25. 24| $34. 00| $30. 14| $30. 47| Figure 2 Figure 2 Market trends. Over 4,100 Albertans are employed in the Dental Assistants’ occupational group. It is expected to have an annual average growth of 3. 2%, which is above average. (Dental Assistant’s Occupation Group, 2012) It is expected that about 131 new positions will be created each year, in addition to job openings created by employment turnover. Employment turnover is expected to increase as members of the baby boomer generation will be retiring over the next few years. Figure 3 shows the estimated yearly growth of dental assistant positions available in Alberta over the next few years. Figure 3 Estimated Yearly Growth of Dental Assistant Jobs in Alberta Personality Fit Being happy and comfortable at work is very important. One usually spends more time at work than they do anywhere else. Therefore, the personality fit of a given career, specifically dental assisting, is crucial. Personality fit for a career includes the stress level and mental strains, personality traits recommended, and personal interests and passions. Stress level/mental strains. Dental assistants can come across some stressful situations. Sometimes, a procedure does not go as planned, leaving it up to the dentist and dental assistant to determine what to do next to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient. Although this may not be a regular occurrence, a dental assistant must have critical thinking ability and work well under pressure. When an appointment runs over time, this often leaves the next scheduled patient waiting longer than anticipated for his/her turn. This can sometimes lead to a stressful situation if the patient who is waiting does not understand the situation. Overall, most dental assistants have a low- to moderate-level of stress in their everyday work. Personality traits recommended/required. Dental assistants are required to work closely with their patients and co-workers. In order to communicate well with both patients and co-workers, one should be kind, patient, outgoing, an active listener, and organized. The ability to stay calm while under pressure and during emergencies is essential. Because dental assistants work side by side with dentists, one must be a team player and pay close attention to detail. It is the dental assistant’s job to know what the dentist needs next. Personal interests and passions. One who has a passion for helping others and for making a real difference in people’s lives may enjoy being a dental assistant. One should also have a general interest in the medical field. Dental assistants require continuing education; therefore, life-long learners would be satisfied in this career. Future Potential In many cases, employees want to be able to advance within their career area. Therefore, looking at the future potential of a career, in this case dental assistant, determines whether or not it is for him/her. Future potential information includes continuing education requirements and advancement opportunities. Continuing education requirements. Dental assistants must maintain their competency through the CADA Continuing Competence Program (CPP) (Dental Assistant Registration Process, 2012). This program assesses, maintains, and monitors ongoing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and judgments of professional dental assistants. According to the Alberta Government, dental assistants must do the following activities each year in order to keep their Continuing Competence current: * Complete one hundred (100) hours in the dental field, or three hundred (300) in the past three (3) years * Review the Competency Profile * Complete the Competency Self-Assessment * Complete a Proposed Learning Plan by the renewal deadline * Undertake appropriate Learning Activities to complete your proposed Learning Objectives * Keep the proof of your completed Learning Activities. At least once in every five years you will be asked to send in Verification of Learning documents and Completed Learning Plans. CADA will want to see evidence of two completed Learning Objectives for each year Advancement Opportunities. Depending on the size of dental office, there are advancement opportunities for dental assistants. Although a dental assistant is a dental assistant, there are different skill sets and knowledge levels involved. If a dental assistant has furthered his/her education with advanced courses in specialty areas, for example, he/she would make a higher salary. Also, some dental assistants move on to be administrative managers of the dental offices where they work. Conclusion Based on the facts and findings in this report, dental assistant is a great career choice for APRO students. With only an additional eight months of training, an APRO student can have the opportunity to be a vital part of the health care system by becoming a dental assistant. Many of the skills already learnt in APRO are essential in the career area of dental assisting. If one loves to work with people, is outgoing, patient, and loves helping others, dental assisting may be for him/her. If one chooses this career path, one can look forward to good pay, hours, and benefits. References 2011 Alberta Wage and Salary Survey. (2011). Retrieved February 25, 2013, from ALIS: www. alis. ca Dental Assistant’s Occupation Group. (2012). Retrieved February 25, 2013, from Statistics Canada: www. statcan. gc. ca Dental Assistant Registration Process. (2012, May). Retrieved February 25, 2013, from Government of Alberta: http://www. albertacanada. com/Dental_Assisant_May_2012. pdf How to cite Career Study: Dental Assistant, Papers

Cell - The Basic Structural and Functional Unit of Human Body

Questions: Analyse the human body in terms of organ systems, organs, tissues and cells?. Discuss the morphology and microanatomy of cells in connective and muscle tissues?. Analyse the functions of the skeletal system including the main type of joints and the role of connective tissues?. Analyse development of the skeleton?. Discuss relationships between structures of bones and their functions?. Analyse structure and function in a range of joints?. Discuss how muscular forces are transmitted by the skeletal system?. Explain the types of muscle cells, the contractile response, innervation of muscle and their component muscle cells?. Analyse the structure of typical muscles?. Answer: The organ Systems, Organs, Tissues, and Cells: The human body is made up of cells. Cells are the structural unit of life. Cells with specific structure and function make tissues. Each kind of cells helps in making a particular tissue. Epithelial tissue helps in protection of the body by skin. It is present in inner surfaces of the body example stomach, lungs and protects it from injury and infection. Connective tissue supports the body. Constituents of connective tissue are bones, cartilages, and fatty tissues. Characteristic stretchability is an important feature of this tissue. Nerve tissueforms the information network of the body. They are called ganglia. Nerve cells have long branching dendrites which enable to pass impulses with one another. Muscle tissues they help form the structural unit of the body. Three types of muscle are present in the body. Voluntary muscle which can be moved by will, Involuntary or smooth muscles which cannot be moved by will of human and cardiac muscles helps the pumping action of the heart muscle (Carson et al 2015). Organs are composed of a group of tissues functioning in a similar way. Tissues are present in everywhere, hair, nerve, blood, skin. An organ system comprises of functioning organs in a regular rhythm. Morphology and Microanatomy of Cells in Connective and Muscle Tissues Morphology Cells of connective tissue are arranged in a row, and they are embedded in the matrix of fibers. Collagen and elastin are present in the outer periphery of the cells. The fibers are usually present in parallel arrangement. Microanatomy Cells found in connective tissues include Fibroblasts- these make collagenous tissue fibers which have great flexibility and tensile strength. Macrophages monocytes are also present that helps to get rid of debris of dead cells. Constituents include collagen fibers and reticular fibers. Microfibril and elastic fibers. Ground substances are made up of proteoglycans (Carson et al 2015). Morphology Skeletal Muscles- these are elongated or tubular with multiple nuclei present on the periphery. They are striated that is they have alternating light and dark band pattern. Cardiac Muscle- they are comparatively short in length. They are often branched and striated. These muscles can either be mononucleated or binucleated. The position of the nuclei is central most of the time. They contain intercalated disc. Smooth muscles- these are spindle-shaped wide in the middle and tapered to narrow at both ends. They contain a centrally located nucleus. No visible striation are present. Proteins present are same as that of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Microanatomy- Epimysium is a connective tissue which forms a protective layer around skeletal muscles. They anchor the muscles tissues to the tendons. It also protects muscles from friction. Myocytes are cells encased within the endomysium. The cells of muscle contain myofibrils, which are complex strands of protein filaments bound together to form Sarcomeres. Regular patterns of sarcomeres form the striated appearance. Sarcomere is composed of actin and myosin protein (Ofli et al 2014). Functions of Joints and Role of Connective Tissue: The skeletal system is made of 206 bones providing four basic functions Support, Protection, Movement, storage of minerals and blood cells production by bone marrow. The skeletal system is made of bones, cartilages, joints and ligaments, muscles. There are two types of bones Compact bones and Spongy bones. Bones can be of different sizes long, short, flat, irregular. Bone cells include Osteocytes, Osteoblasts, and Osteoclasts. (Kemp et al 2013). Joints are the place where two bones come together. Joints can be Fibrous immovable but do not help in any kinds of movement. For example skull and pelvis. Cartilaginous- this joint is slightly movable and cartilages join the bones. Present in spine and ribs. Synovial- they are freely movable joint that facilitates more movement than the cartilaginous joints. Synovial fluid lubricates and protects the bones. Synovial joints can be of types- Plane joint Pivot joint, Condyloid joint. They help in the movement of the body; they act as lever and provide structural support along with the muscles. Gliding joints are ones present in carpals or on surfaces where the bones meet flat surfaces; they allow bones to glide past each other in any direction. Hinge joints are present in knees, elbows. They limit the movements in one direction. They gain strength from surrounding connective tissues ligaments and muscles. Saddle joints found in the metacarpal, trapezium bone. The bones can move along two axes. Ball and Socket joints are located in shoulders and hips. They provide full circle movement. They are very prone to dislocation (Kemp et al 2013). The connective tissues primarily function to connect the muscles to bones and to connect joints together. Tendons connect muscle to bone. They are an extension of muscle fibers. They are more elastic than ligaments. Ligaments- connect bones to bones. They contain collagen and elastin which provides them flexibility. They allow some limited joint movement. Cartilages- are firm, elastic and flexible. They are white in colour. They are found in nose, ears, ribs. They act as shock absorber. Its function also includes acting as a lubricant in some joint. It has no blood supply, unlike tendons and ligaments. Diffusion method helps to obtain nutrients and oxygen (Nishida et al 2016). Development of the Skeleton: The skeletal system begins to develop from the third week of conception. It forms notochord-which differentiate into the brain, spinal cord, and spine. By the end of the fifth week, a tail-like structure called coccyx is seen, the lowermost point of the spinal cord. The newborn baby has about 300 bones during birth, which reduces to 206 when some of the bones fuse. Bone formation is called Ossification. Ossification begins in the third month of fetal life. It completes in late adolescence. Two separate processes are required for Compact bones- which is 80% of the skeleton. The Cancellous bones- that includes skull parts, shoulder parts, and ends of long bones. Compact bones start as cartilages, then forms bones. This process is called endochondral ossification. Skull bones begin as fibrous membranes made up of collagen and blood vessels. Osteoid secreted by osteoblasts and forms networks of sponge-like bony elements called trabeculae. This process is inter-membranous ossification (Sc hilder 2013). Relationships between Structures of Bones and their Functions: Two bone structures seen in the human body are the Axial skeleton- that forms the skull, vertebral column, ribs and rib cage. These features as a support system or protects organs. The appendicular skeleton is of various sizes present in the upper and lower limbs. They form the girdles of shoulder and hip. One of its functions is to attach girdles to axial bones. This type of bones facilitates locomotion. From the pisiform bone of the wrist to the femur in the leg. Each bone have a different shape to fulfill a particular need of the body. Long bones- hollow elongated present in the fingers, limbs, ankles, and wrist. They function as support providing structure. Short bones- cube-shaped present in wrist and ankle. Flat bones- thin flattened and sometimes curved, present in the sternum, shoulder blades, ribs and skull. Irregular bones do not have a fixed shape, forms complicated structure like vertebrae and hipbones. Helps to protect and facilitates movement (Schilder 2013). Structure and Function in a Range of Joints: Joints are made when two ones meet. The joints make the skeleton flexible and allow movement. Joints are classified according to their structure, Hinge joint- one direction movement, Pivot joint-rotating and twisting and Ball and socket joints- allows greatest freedom of movement are present in the body and allows movement (Xia et al 2012). Mechanism of muscles as aLever: Skeletal muscles and bones act together to form a system that represents a lever that enables the movement. The muscle contracts which provides the effort. This effort then applied to the muscle attached to the bone. The bone and the overlying tissues represent the load which is then moved with the help of the lever. The skeleton overall has a series of muscle which contracts during movement. This movement provides the energy or the pull push effect which acts on the bones and move them. Just like a lever, the muscle allows effort given to take up load, if this load is situated close to the fulcrum and effort given away from the fulcrum, then the load can be moved with less effort. Such a lever is called Mechancal Advantage. The muscle acts on this theory. They are also called power lever. There are three classes of levers based on this position of effort with respect to the fulcrum. They are First-class lever- where the effort is applied to one end of the lever and the load is at t he other end. The muscles working as first-clas lever are present when the head is lifted off the chest. Some of these muscle are working at a Mechanical Advantage but some like the triceps of arms extending outwards against a resistance works at a Mechanical disadvantage. The Second-class lever- where the effort is applied at one end of the lever and the fulcrum is at the other side of the lever. The load is situated in between the two. Muscles in body working according to this class of lever work at a mechanical advantage. Example is standing on tiptoes. The muscles of this kind is rare in the body but these muscle have greater strength but not speed. Third-class lever- the levers of this kind have the effort applied in between the fulcrum and load. Most skeletal muscles in the body acts according to this class of lever system. Example: the bicep muscles in the arm, when the hand carries a load (Toedebusch et al 2015). This lever system allows muscles to be inserted close to the joints. The movement occurs across this joints, rapid and extensive movements like throwing a ball is done by contraction of the muscles. Muscles working according to third class of lever are thicker and powerful (Toedebusch et al 2015). Muscle Cells, Responses, and Components: Skeletal muscle- One muscle to move the bone in one direction and vice versa. Muscles contraction is normally voluntary. They can perform short, single contraction celled twitch or long contractions, tetanus. Will of the person acts as impulses from the nerves that makes the muscles move. Smooth muscle- found in the digestive system, blood vessels, airways, gastrointestinal tract, and uterus. They have the ability to stretch and maintain tension. Its contraction is involuntary. The nervous system controls the muscles like swallowing, breathing. Cardiac muscle- found in heart, endurance and consistency are the characteristics of this muscle. Stretching is limited. The nerve impulses from the brain, lungs and heart together form the message that helps the heart pump. Contractions are involuntary (Toedebusch et al 2015). The structure of typical Muscles: A muscle fiber is made up of hundreds of filamentous structure called myofibrils. Each of these myofibrils has bundles of filamentous myofilaments. They can be either thick or thin. Thicker myofilaments are composed of myosin while thinner ones consist of actin protein. Many myofilaments forms sarcomeres, thick myofilaments are attached to the center while thin myofilaments are present in the ends of sarcomere to the center. This creates a crisscross structure and form muscle. Muscle fibers are soft and fragile, but they can endure tremendous pressure. Each myofibril has a connective tissue sheath for protection. A fascicle is a term given to a numerous myofibril sheathed with thick connective tissue. Many fascicles bundled together by an even tougher coat of connective tissue forms the muscle (Xia et al 2012). Reference: Carson, J.A., Hardee, J.P. and VanderVeen, B.N., 2015, December. The emerging role of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism as a biological target and cellular regulator of cancer-induced muscle wasting. In Seminars in cell developmental biology. Academic Press. Cohen, B.J., 2015. Memmler's Structure and Function of the Human Body, SC. Cronin, N.J., Avela, J., Finni, T. and Peltonen, J., 2013. Differences in contractile behaviour between the soleus and medial gastrocnemius muscles during human walking. The Journal of experimental biology, 216(5), pp.909-914. Jalal, A., Sarif, N., Kim, J.T. and Kim, T.S., 2013. Human activity recognition via recognized body parts of human depth silhouettes for residents monitoring services at smart home. 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