Tragic Hero Of Shakespeares Great Tragedies Essay Example for Free

Biography of Sam Houston, Founding Father of Texas

Memoir of Sam Houston, Founding Father of Texas Sam Houston (March 2, 1793â€July 26, 1863) was an American frontiersman, officer, and lawmaker. As authority of the powers battling for Texas’ autonomy, he steered the Mexican soldiers at the Battle of San Jacinto, which basically won the battle. Over his long vocation, he was a fruitful and compelling legislator, filling in as congressman and legislative head of Tennessee and the first and third leader of the Republic of Texas, before turning into a U.S. representative and senator for the territory of Texas. Quick Facts: Sam Houston Known For: After winning the Battle of San Jacinto, which viably won the Texas War of Independence, Houston was the establishing legislator of Texas, filling in as the principal leader of the Republic of Texas, at that point a U.S. representative and senator for the territory of Texas.Born: March 2, 1793 in Rockbridge County, VirginiaParents: Samuel Houston and Elizabeth (Paxton) HoustonDied: July 26, 1863 in Huntsville, TexasEducation: Minimal proper training, self-educated, established Cherokee school, read law in Nashville under Judge James TrimblePositions and Offices: Attorney general for Nashville Tennessee, U.S. congressman for Tennessee, legislative head of Tennessee, significant general of the Texas Army, first and third leader of the Republic of Texas, U.S. congressperson for Texas, legislative leader of TexasSpouse(s): Eliza Allen, Diana Rogers Gentry, Margaret Moffette LeaChildren: With Margaret Moffette Lea: Sam Houston, Jr., Nancy Elizabeth, Margaret, Mary William, Anto inette Power, Andrew Jackson Houston, William Rogers, Temple Lea HoustonNotable Quote: Texas still can't seem to learn accommodation to any abuse, originate from what source it might. Early Life Houston was conceived in Virginia in 1793 to a white collar class group of ranchers. They went West early, settling in Tennessee-which was, around then, some portion of the western wilderness. While still a youngster, he ran off and lived among the Cherokee for a couple of years, learning their language and their ways. He took a Cherokee name for himself: Colonneh, which means Raven. Houston enrolled in the American armed force for the War of 1812, serving in the west under Andrew Jackson. He separated himself for gallantry at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend against the Red Sticks, Creek adherents of Tecumseh. Early Political Rise and Fall Houston before long settled himself as a rising political star. He had aligned himself near Andrew Jackson, who thus came to consider Houston to be a protã ©gã ©. Houston ran first for Congress and afterward for legislative head of Tennessee. As a nearby Jackson partner, he won without any problem. His own moxy, appeal, and nearness additionally had a lot to do with his prosperity. Everything came smashing down in 1829, be that as it may, when his new marriage self-destructed. Crushed, Houston surrendered as senator and traveled west. Sam Houston Goes to Texas Houston advanced toward Arkansas, where he lost himself in liquor addiction. He lived among the Cherokee and set up an exchanging post. He came back to Washington in the interest of the Cherokee in 1830 and again in 1832. On the 1832 trip,â he tested enemy of Jackson Congressman William Stanberry to a duel. When Stanberry would not acknowledge the demand, Houston assaulted him with a mobile stick. He was in the long run reproached by Congress for this activity. After the Stanberry undertaking, Houston was prepared for another experience, so he went to Texas, where he had bought some land on hypothesis. He was additionally accused of answering to Jackson about the political atmosphere and occasions in Texas. War Breaks out in Texas On October 2, 1835, reckless Texan radicals in the town of Gonzales terminated on Mexican soldiers who had been sent to recover a gun from the town. These were the main shots of the Texas Revolution. Houston was pleased: by at that point, he was persuaded that Texas partition from Mexico was unavoidable and that the destiny of Texas lay in freedom or statehood in the United States. He was chosen leader of the Nacogdoches civilian army and would in the long run be delegated significant general of every single Texan power. It was a baffling post, as there was minimal expenditure for paid officers and the volunteers were difficult to oversee. The Battle of the Alamo and the Goliad Massacre Sam Houston felt that the city of San Antonio and the Alamo stronghold were not worth guarding. There were too scarcely any soldiers to do as such, and the city was excessively far from the revolutionaries east Texas base. He requested Jim Bowie to devastate the Alamo and empty the city. Rather, Bowie invigorated the Alamo and set up protections. Houston got dispatches from Alamo officer William Travis, asking for fortifications, yet he was unable to send them as his military was in confusion. On March 6, 1835, the Alamo fell. Every one of the 200 or so protectors fell with it. All the more terrible news was in transit, be that as it may: on March 27, 350 radical Texan detainees were executed at Goliad. The Battle of San Jacinto The Alamo and Goliad cost the renegades beyond all doubt regarding quantities of fighters and spirit. Houstons armed force was at last prepared to take the field, however he despite everything had distinctly around 900 troopers, unreasonably not many to take on General Santa Annas Mexican armed force. He evaded Santa Anna for a considerable length of time, getting under the skin of the renegade government officials, who considered him a defeatist. In mid-April 1836, Santa Anna imprudently separated his military. Houston found him close to the San Jacinto River. Houston amazed everybody by requesting an assault on the evening of April 21. The shock was finished and the fight was an all out routâ with 700 Mexican troopers killed,â about half of the aggregate. The other Mexican fighters were caught, including General Santa Anna. Albeit the vast majority of the Texans needed to execute Santa Anna, Houston didn't allow it. Santa Clause Anna before long marked a settlement perceiving Texas autonomy which successfully finished the war. Leader of Texas In spite of the fact that Mexico would therefore make a few weak endeavors to re-take Texas, freedom was basically fixed. Houston was chosen the main leader of the Republic of Texas in 1836. He became president again in 1841. He was a generally excellent president, endeavoring to make harmony with Mexico and the Native Americans who occupied Texas. Mexico attacked twice in 1842 and Houston consistently worked for a tranquil arrangement; just his unchallenged status as a war legend kept progressively pugnacious Texans from open clash with Mexico. Later Political Career Texas was admitted to the United States in 1845. Houston turned into a congressperson from Texas, serving until 1859, at which time he became legislative leader of Texas. The country was grappling with the servitude issue at that point and Houston was a functioning member in the discussion, restricting withdrawal. He demonstrated an insightful legislator, working consistently toward harmony and bargain. He ventured down as senator in 1861 after the Texas council casted a ballot to withdraw from the Union and join the Confederacy. It was a troublesome choice, yet he made it since he accepted that the South would lose the war and that the savagery and cost would be to no end. Demise Sam Houston leased the Steamboat House in Huntsville, Texas in 1862. His wellbeing took a downturn in 1862 with a hack that transformed into pneumonia. He passed on July 26, 1863, and is covered in Huntsville. The Legacy of Sam Houston The biography of Sam Houston is a holding story of fast ascent, fall, and reclamation. His second, most noteworthy rising was exceptional. At the point when Houston came west he was a messed up man, yet he despite everything had recently enough earlier distinction to quickly play a significant job in Texas. A one-time war saint, he won again at the Battle of San Jacinto. His knowledge in saving the life of the vanquished Santa Anna is considered to have been vital to fixing Texas autonomy. During this time fast ascent, Houston had the option to put his later difficulties behind him and become the extraordinary man that had appeared to be his destiny as a youngster. Afterward, Houston administered Texas with incredible knowledge. In his profession as a congressperson from Texas, he mentioned numerous farsighted objective facts about the Civil War that he dreaded was on the countries skyline. Today, numerous Texans consider him among the best legends of their freedom development. The city of Houston is named after him, as are innumerable lanes, stops, and schools. Sources Brands, H.W. Solitary Star Nation: The Epic Story of the Battle for Texas Independence. Grapple Books, 2004.Henderson, Timothy J. A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and its War with the United States. Slope and Wang, 2007.Kreneck, Thomas H. â€Å"Houston, Samuel.†Ã‚ The Handbook of Texas Online| Texas State Historical Association (TSHA), 15 June 2010.Sam Houston Memorial Museum.

Sample on The Guilty Mind

Sample on The Guilty Mind The Guilty Mind Mar 26, 2018 in Law The Guilty Mind in the Legal System Mens rea is a Latin word used to refer to the guilty mind. In the legal system, the term is deemed as an important aspect of crime (Hall, 2008). It is used to mean the mental aspect of crime that goes with the actus reus. Studies indicate that in some cases, actus reus and mens rea have been used interchangeably. For instance, in Australia, the aspects of federal crimes are selected as mental or fault elements (mens rea) or external or physical aspects (actus reus). Mens rea varies with the crime committed. For instance in a murder case, the mental aspects necessitate that the accused acted out of malice, and the proof is required. For arson, the intent should result to a prohibited act. This means that with mens rea, the law does not take into consideration the motive of the crime. No crime can term one as guilty, if their state of mind is not guilty. This means that, for a defendant to be charged, the crime must comprise of mens rea to some level (Hall, 2008). It is therefore true to state that, no criminal liability is attached to an individual who acted without the fault of the mind.

Professional Journalism Essay - 906 Words

In the article, ‘The Professionalization of Journalism’ John C. Merrill addresses the issue of whether or not journalism should become a professionalized occupation. Merrill notes that although journalism is not presently considered to be a profession, many journalists perceive themselves as being professionals. The Oxford Shorter Dictionary defines ‘profession’ as â€Å"Occupation which one professes to be skilled in and to follow. . . .A vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others, or in the practice of an art based upon it.† Merrill outlines several advantages those within a professionalized occupation benefit from including an elite image, a level of regulation and†¦show more content†¦Also taken into account are several characteristics of professions from the book ‘The Professions in America’. The book includes objective thinking, trustworthiness, h igh levels of expertise, requested protection, solidarity among members and entrance standards as the primary characteristics required by an occupation to be deemed a profession. Merrill considers also several characteristics of professions outlined by Bernard Barber in ‘The Professions in America’. Barber argues there are four attributes an occupation must present to be named a profession which include; high level of systematic and generalized knowledge, orientation to the community rather than to the individual, group-controlled behavior and a system of rewards. Barber argues all four attributes must be present among members in order for a group to become professionalized. Upon considering these views on professionalization, Merrill concludes that while journalism does hold some of the essential characteristics of a profession, the occupation does not demonstrate a sufficient amount of the necessary attributes to merit professionalization. Merrill supports his argument against the professionalization of journalism by considering the characteristics mentioned and asking whether the art of journalism effectively demonstrates these attributes. Merrill provides several reasons to support his argumentShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers in the Job: Professional Journalism in Conflict Areas769 Words   |  4 Pagesreally constitutes a journalist. Professional journalists are definitely unlike your average person. They are trained to report all sides of an issue without favoritism or bias. Serving the people and no one else is what theyre qualified to do. Experienced journalists carry the responsibility to tell the truth about what is happening in the world. New technology, such as social media, along with the classic cellular device, has made citizen journalism more available to people all aroundRead More1) What Ethical Principles Should a Reporter Follow in Reporting/Writing a News Story to Ensure It Meets the Standards of Professional Journalism?1454 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nowadays, more and more people are place importance on journalism ¡Ã‚ ¦s ethics. It is because everything that a journalist writes or says, or neglects to write or to say, in some or other way has an influence on many people, and that influences can be good or bad. The principles of good journalism are directed toward bringing the highest quality of news reporting to the public, this fulfilling the mission of timely distribution of information in service of the public interest. ThereforeRead MoreInterview With Broadcast Journalism Professionals1458 Words   |  6 PagesIn depth interview with broadcast journalism professionals On November 18, 2016, I met up with the director of the Univision news Cristina Bazaldua to find out more about the history of the studio. When one first walks in the building the first thing that catches your attention is the clear and transparent glass windows that allow you to see everything that goes on behind the scenes. When asked, Cristina mentioned that the Univision industry is very involved with the community, meaning it doesn’tRead MoreThe And Skeptics : Evaluating The Credibility Of Mainstream And Citizen Journalism1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of journalism has always been regarded with skepticism. People are not sure which newspapers or news stations to trust. Naturally, the audience gravitates towards mainstream news providers like CNN or The New York Times. These sources, along with many others, have been accepted for their credibility. Recently, however, another source has been capturing the audience’s attention. This source is known as citizen journalism, and its contributions to society have had a huge impact. WhetherRead MoreNews Of The 21st Century : The Evolution Of Necessity1551 Words   |  7 PagesEvolution of Necessity By Sarah Laird, n9196579 Topic 1: Discuss how gathering, accessing and paying for news is evolving to survive using a range of sources and specific examples to illustrate your argument. Introduction A new form of journalism based on new media is changing the core of news production and consumption. Rebelling against the news models of the past as news migrates onto an online platform. News values are changing even in the ABC and other conventional news outlets. 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This assumption is valid to art, literature, but also to journalism as a massive cultural production, like Bourdieu and other authors had demonstrated (Benson Neveu, 2005; Benson, 2006; Bourdieu, 1994; English, 2015; Marlià ¨re, 1998; Murrell, 2015; Schultz, 2007). Thus, cultural products are entangled in a netRead MoreCommunity Journalism as a Synonym for Smal l Town Newspapers695 Words   |  3 PagesLiterature Review: The notion of community journalism is hardly a new one. However, during the past decade, the concept gained much fascination and interest among industry analysts. The literature available on the topic points out that the reason behind this strong comeback of community journalism lies in the fact that most regions where the boom is taking place are undergoing a transitional phase that paved the way for this shift. The literature, however, refers to two trends in this matter: theRead More21st Century Journalism Student Journalists1562 Words   |  7 PagesTo succeed in 21st Century Journalism student journalists will need to have a thorough understanding of the potential contribution journalism has to their audience. Journalists should have accredited qualifications and skills such as NCTJ shorthand and law; to report stories accurately and ethically according to the values of a democratic society. As well as being self-motivated with a good reputation; gaining work experience and blogging regularly. In the past, the publication of diverse facts andRead MoreHow Gender Affects Women s Role1644 Words   |  7 Pagesstagnant for decades. A quick glance on the editorial positions of media’s organizations reveals how women do not ascend the top positions comparing to journalism s female students (Lipinski, 2014). On the background of the forgoing facts, the newsroom diversity endures being one of the most important topics amongst scholars and professionals in journalism. The importance of diversity in newsrooms stems from the need for divergent journalists who can cover the variety of community s aspects, so the news

Andrew Carnegie and the the Second Industrial Revolution...

Andrew Carnegie and the the Second Industrial Revolution Andrew Carnegie, the â€Å"King of Steel†, the benevolent employer, the giant of industry, was among the greatest influences of the second industrial revolution. It is sometimes questioned whether Carnegie was the ruthless, sneaky steel tyrant some made him out to be, or the generous, benevolent education benefactor he appeared to be. I believe him to be a combination of both, but more so the great giant of industry. Carnegie was the classic rags to riches story, the penniless immigrant who made it big in the land of opportunity. Carnegie was born in Dunfermline, Scotland, and migrated to America in 1848 at the age of 13. His first job was in a cotton mill, earning a measly $1.20†¦show more content†¦As young as 33, Carnegie was pulling in an annual income of $50,000 a year, a huge amount at that time, and this was enough for him. Carnegie was a firm believer that anyone could make it to the top, and that it was the wealthys’ duty to help the poor work towards a more comfortable life. Carnegie said that â€Å"the man who dies rich, dies disgraced.† This is a greedy, unselfish philosophy that a robber baron could not conceive. Without Carnegie, the steel industry, and the second industrial revolution in general, would never have progressed as much as it did. Carnegie did what was necessary to make the steel industry more productive and more efficient, for less money. He was a shrewd, ruthless, businessman who’s aggressiveness made the steel, railroad, and oil industries so economically successful. These characteristics, though not always looked upon as nice or sympathetic, were sometimes necessary. He had paid his time as a poor factory boy, and now it was his turn to live comfortably and aid others less fortunate to work towards the same success. I feel that Carnegie was a very generous and benevolent philanthropist in his giving of hundreds of millions of dollars to schools, libraries, arts and music centers, and other educational and recreational facilities. However, I believe it would have been more ethical to be moreShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution and the Technological Revolution812 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution and the second industrial revolution were also known as the technological revolution. The technological revolution was a time of change and transformations from had tool and hand made goods to machinery that produced goods faster and better. Patrick Geddes first introduced the concept in [â€Å"Cities in Evolution† 1910]. But David Landes used of the term in a 1966 essay and in the unbound Prometheus 1972 standardized scholarly definitions of the term, which was most intenselyRead MoreKarl Marx, Adam Smith, And Andrew Carnegie1350 Words   |  6 PagesCatherine Lundy Kurt Weber Section #62 20th Cent. World History Fall 2015 Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and Andrew Carnegie The writings of Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and Andrew Carnegie all made significant impacts in society not only in their time, but continuing to this day. Marx shared is opinions on capitalism and his views of the progression of human society in his writing, The Communist Manifesto which he wrote with Friedrich Engles and published in 1848. Marx believed in the idea of a society withRead MoreAndrew Carnegie : A Hero As A Hero1116 Words   |  5 Pagesentrepreneur, named Andrew Carnegie is a true definition of a hero, existing in an era of massive industrialization, where skyscrapers held their heights, and steam engines ignited. In fact Andrew Carnegie had indeed impacted the industrialized world with his new adoption of the Bessemer process creating his billion dollar steel empire. Andrew Carnegie can be defined as a hero because of struggles in his early life, philanthropy and his impact on the world . Andrew Carnegie had once said, TheRead MoreThe Writings Of Karl Marx, Adam Smith, And Andrew Carnegie1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe writings of Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and Andrew Carnegie all made significant impacts in society not only in their time, but continuing to this day. Marx shared is opinions on capitalism and his views of the progression of human society in his writing, The Communist Manifesto which he wrote with Friedrich Engles and published in 1848. Marx believed in the idea of a society with no capitalism and the abolition of the bourgeoisie. 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Though very different in personality, Rockefeller and Carnegie were raised under similar circumstances and shared similar convictions in regard to poverty. Growing up in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie experienced the life of the working poor first-hand (Andrew Carnegie PBS). His father was a weaver, and the industrial revolution that would laterRead MoreEssay On Robber Barons994 Words   |  4 PagesRobber Barons Essay Carson Kane Advanced American Studies October 6, 2017 The industrial revolution sprouted many industrialists that exploited the laws of the United States. These industrialists like Carnegie and Rockefeller collected vast amounts of wealth that were extremely unnecessary for the society at that time while the common citizens of the U.S. were having trouble with poverty and working conditions. 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This paper will validate that his autocratic and transformational leadership styles, personality and abilities are responsible for his success and legacy in the 20th century. Charles R. Morris stated What we think of as the modern American economy was the creation of four men: Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan.Read MoreImportant Factors Leading to the Gilded Age Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pages After the Civil War, the Second American Industrial Revolution or Gilded Age made the Americans the most industrialized people in the world. This economic phenomenon was unprecedented in history. There were several factors that led the American economic prowess and prosperity. The Americans were blessed with natural resources and a liberal immigration policy to ensure steady work force. Yet, the most important factors were technological innovation and entrepreneurial ability. As America pushed

Brave New World And 1984 Free Essays

Although many similarities exist between Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World and George Orwell’s 1984, the works books though they deal with similar topics, are more dissimilar than alike. A Brave New World is a novel about the struggle of Bernard Marx, who rejects the tenants of his society when he discovers that he is not truly happy. 1984 is the story of Winston who finds forbidden love within the hypocrisy of his society. We will write a custom essay sample on Brave New World And 1984 or any similar topic only for you Order Now In both cases, the main character is in quiet rebellion against his government which is eventually found to be in vain. Huxley wrote A Brave New World in the third person so that the reader could be allotted a more comprehensive view of the activities he presents. His characters are shallow and cartoon-like (Astrachan) in order to better reflect the society in which they are entrapped. In this society traditional notions of love and what ideally should come out of it have long been disregarded and are now despised, â€Å"Mother, monogamy, romance. High spurts the fountain; fierce and foamy the wild jet. The urge has but a single outlet. † (Huxley 41) The comparison to a wild jet is intended to demonstrate the inherent dangers in these activities. Many of the Brave New World’s social norms are intended to ’save’ its citizens from anything unpleasant through depriving them of the opportunity to miss anything overly pleasant. Soma, the magical ultimate drug is what keeps the population from revolting. What you need is a gramme of soma†¦ All the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects. † The drug is at the forefront of their daily lives providing freedom Superczynski 2 from life’s every ill. â€Å"The word comes from the Sanskrit language of ancient India. It means both an intoxicating drink used in the old Vedic religious rituals there and the plant from whose juice the drink was made- a plant whose true identity we don’t know. (Astrachan) The drug is used as a form of recreation, like sex, and its use is encouraged at any opportunity, especially when great emotions begin to arise. They are conditioned to accept this to calm and pacify them should they begin to feel anything too intensely. The conditioning also provides them with their place and prevents them from participating in social activities which they needn’t take part in. (Smith) Class consciousness which Americans are so reluctant to acknowledge is taught through hypnop? ia (the repetition of phrases during sleep akin to post hypnotic suggestion) for all social classes: These names are letters in the Greek alphabet, familiar to Huxley’s original English readers because in English schools they are used as grades- like our As, Bs, etc. – with Alpha plus the best and Epsilon minus the worst. In Brave New World, each names a class or caste. Alphas and Betas remain individuals; only Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons are bokanovskified. (Astrachan) The conditioning is begun at an extremely young age and is by modern real-world standards cruel, AThe screaming of the babies suddenly changed its tone. There was something desperate, almost insane, about the sharp spasmodic yelps to which they now gave utterance. † (Huxley 20) The children’s â€Å"Pavlovian† conditioning with electric shocks is later compared to the wax seals which used to grace the seams of letters (Astrachan), â€Å"Not so much like drops of water, though water, it is true, can wear holes in the hardest granite; rather, drops of liquid sealing-wax, drops that adhere, incrust, incorporate themselves with what they fall on, till finally the rock is all one scarlet blob. The entire society is conditioned to shrink away from intense emotion, engage in casual sex, and take their pacifying Soma. In 1984, a first-person book partly narrated by the main character’s internal dialogue, the great party leader is â€Å"Big Brother,† a fictional character who is somewhat more imposing than â€Å"Ford,† of Huxley’s book, named after the industrialist Henry Ford (Astrachan). The main character Superczynski 3 Winston fears Big Brother and is much more aware of his situation than any of the characters in A Brave New World who are constantly pacified by soma. In A Brave New World history is ignored completely whereas in 1984 it is literally rewritten in order to suit the present. The role of science in both books is extensive and complicated. 1984’s telescreens cannot be turned off, as A Brave New World has â€Å"feelies,† an advancement on â€Å"talkies† which added sound, â€Å"feelies† add tactile senses to a movie as well. Science and human progress is not acknowledged in A Brave New World (Smith) excepting when it increases consumption, whereas it is twisted with ironic titles in 1984, â€Å"They were homes of the four Ministries between which the entire apparatus of government was divided: the Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with news, entertainment, education, and the fine arts; the Ministry of Peace, which concerned itself with war; the Ministry of Love, which maintained law and order; and the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs. Their names in Newspeak: Minitrue, Minipax, Miniluv, and Miniplenty. † (Orwell 8) The God (Ford) of A Brave New World encourages production and consumption of shallow objects to complement the shallow minds of its citizens. 1984 was written as a warning against the results of having a totalitarian state. Winston bears the blunt of his mistakes, the crime of individuality and dissention. A Brave New World is as much a satire on the reality of today (the reality of Huxley’s day) as it is a novel about the future. ANeil Postman †¦warned Awhen a population becomes distracted by trivia, when cultural life is defined a s a perpetual round of entertainments, when serious public conversation becomes a form of baby talk, a people become an audience and their public business a vaudeville act, then a nation finds itself at risk; cultural death is a clear possibility. (Kruk) Huxley seems to feel that society is progressing toward a materialistic and superficial end, in which all things of real value, including the relationships which make people human, will be quashed. The two works vary greatly, A Brave New World is the Huxley’s expression of fear that mankind will create a utopia by way of foregoing all that makes life worthwhile. Orwell’s work rings more sharply of secret police paranoia. Indeed, Winston is taken to room 101, while Superczynski 4 Bernard is merely transferred to an uncomfortable location. The hypocrisy is much more evident within A Brave New World as well, owing to the controller’s having had a son. Both books forewarn of a day when humankind might fall slave to its own concept of how others should act. The two books ask not whether societies with stability, pacification, and uniformity can be created, but whether or not they are worth creating. It is so often that one wants something and in wanting romanticizes it, thus bringing disappointment when the end is finally obtained. They serve as a reminder that it is necessary to have pain to compare with joy, defeat to compare with victory, and problems in order to have solutions. How to cite Brave New World And 1984, Essay examples

Brave New World And 1984 Free Essays

Although many similarities exist between Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World and George Orwell’s 1984, the works books though they deal with similar topics, are more dissimilar than alike. A Brave New World is a novel about the struggle of Bernard Marx, who rejects the tenants of his society when he discovers that he is not truly happy. 1984 is the story of Winston who finds forbidden love within the hypocrisy of his society. We will write a custom essay sample on Brave New World And 1984 or any similar topic only for you Order Now In both cases, the main character is in quiet rebellion against his government which is eventually found to be in vain. Huxley wrote A Brave New World in the third person so that the reader could be allotted a more comprehensive view of the activities he presents. His characters are shallow and cartoon-like (Astrachan) in order to better reflect the society in which they are entrapped. In this society traditional notions of love and what ideally should come out of it have long been disregarded and are now despised, â€Å"Mother, monogamy, romance. High spurts the fountain; fierce and foamy the wild jet. The urge has but a single outlet. † (Huxley 41) The comparison to a wild jet is intended to demonstrate the inherent dangers in these activities. Many of the Brave New World’s social norms are intended to ’save’ its citizens from anything unpleasant through depriving them of the opportunity to miss anything overly pleasant. Soma, the magical ultimate drug is what keeps the population from revolting. What you need is a gramme of soma†¦ All the advantages of Christianity and alcohol; none of their defects. † The drug is at the forefront of their daily lives providing freedom Superczynski 2 from life’s every ill. â€Å"The word comes from the Sanskrit language of ancient India. It means both an intoxicating drink used in the old Vedic religious rituals there and the plant from whose juice the drink was made- a plant whose true identity we don’t know. (Astrachan) The drug is used as a form of recreation, like sex, and its use is encouraged at any opportunity, especially when great emotions begin to arise. They are conditioned to accept this to calm and pacify them should they begin to feel anything too intensely. The conditioning also provides them with their place and prevents them from participating in social activities which they needn’t take part in. (Smith) Class consciousness which Americans are so reluctant to acknowledge is taught through hypnop? ia (the repetition of phrases during sleep akin to post hypnotic suggestion) for all social classes: These names are letters in the Greek alphabet, familiar to Huxley’s original English readers because in English schools they are used as grades- like our As, Bs, etc. – with Alpha plus the best and Epsilon minus the worst. In Brave New World, each names a class or caste. Alphas and Betas remain individuals; only Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons are bokanovskified. (Astrachan) The conditioning is begun at an extremely young age and is by modern real-world standards cruel, AThe screaming of the babies suddenly changed its tone. There was something desperate, almost insane, about the sharp spasmodic yelps to which they now gave utterance. † (Huxley 20) The children’s â€Å"Pavlovian† conditioning with electric shocks is later compared to the wax seals which used to grace the seams of letters (Astrachan), â€Å"Not so much like drops of water, though water, it is true, can wear holes in the hardest granite; rather, drops of liquid sealing-wax, drops that adhere, incrust, incorporate themselves with what they fall on, till finally the rock is all one scarlet blob. The entire society is conditioned to shrink away from intense emotion, engage in casual sex, and take their pacifying Soma. In 1984, a first-person book partly narrated by the main character’s internal dialogue, the great party leader is â€Å"Big Brother,† a fictional character who is somewhat more imposing than â€Å"Ford,† of Huxley’s book, named after the industrialist Henry Ford (Astrachan). The main character Superczynski 3 Winston fears Big Brother and is much more aware of his situation than any of the characters in A Brave New World who are constantly pacified by soma. In A Brave New World history is ignored completely whereas in 1984 it is literally rewritten in order to suit the present. The role of science in both books is extensive and complicated. 1984’s telescreens cannot be turned off, as A Brave New World has â€Å"feelies,† an advancement on â€Å"talkies† which added sound, â€Å"feelies† add tactile senses to a movie as well. Science and human progress is not acknowledged in A Brave New World (Smith) excepting when it increases consumption, whereas it is twisted with ironic titles in 1984, â€Å"They were homes of the four Ministries between which the entire apparatus of government was divided: the Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with news, entertainment, education, and the fine arts; the Ministry of Peace, which concerned itself with war; the Ministry of Love, which maintained law and order; and the Ministry of Plenty, which was responsible for economic affairs. Their names in Newspeak: Minitrue, Minipax, Miniluv, and Miniplenty. † (Orwell 8) The God (Ford) of A Brave New World encourages production and consumption of shallow objects to complement the shallow minds of its citizens. 1984 was written as a warning against the results of having a totalitarian state. Winston bears the blunt of his mistakes, the crime of individuality and dissention. A Brave New World is as much a satire on the reality of today (the reality of Huxley’s day) as it is a novel about the future. ANeil Postman †¦warned Awhen a population becomes distracted by trivia, when cultural life is defined a s a perpetual round of entertainments, when serious public conversation becomes a form of baby talk, a people become an audience and their public business a vaudeville act, then a nation finds itself at risk; cultural death is a clear possibility. (Kruk) Huxley seems to feel that society is progressing toward a materialistic and superficial end, in which all things of real value, including the relationships which make people human, will be quashed. The two works vary greatly, A Brave New World is the Huxley’s expression of fear that mankind will create a utopia by way of foregoing all that makes life worthwhile. Orwell’s work rings more sharply of secret police paranoia. Indeed, Winston is taken to room 101, while Superczynski 4 Bernard is merely transferred to an uncomfortable location. The hypocrisy is much more evident within A Brave New World as well, owing to the controller’s having had a son. Both books forewarn of a day when humankind might fall slave to its own concept of how others should act. The two books ask not whether societies with stability, pacification, and uniformity can be created, but whether or not they are worth creating. It is so often that one wants something and in wanting romanticizes it, thus bringing disappointment when the end is finally obtained. They serve as a reminder that it is necessary to have pain to compare with joy, defeat to compare with victory, and problems in order to have solutions. How to cite Brave New World And 1984, Essay examples